![]() ![]() southern border and setting the stage for the rise in undocumented border crossers. At the same time, they limited the numbers of legal immigrants permitted from countries in the Western Hemisphere, establishing restrictions on immigrants across the U.S. These amendments abolished the restrictive quota system of the 1920s and opened up legal immigration to all countries in the world, setting the stage for a dramatic increase in immigration from Asia and Africa. This historical amnesia contributes to the tendency to celebrate the nation’s success in integrating past immigrants and to worry that somehow the most recent immigrants will not integrate and instead pose a threat to American society and civic life.Ģ015 was the 50th anniversary of the passage in 1965 of the Hart Celler Act, which amended the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (INA) and began the most recent period of mass immigration to the United States. society remember the success of their immigrant parents and grandparents but forget the resistance they encountered-the riots where Italians were killed, the branding of the Irish as criminals who were taken away in “paddy wagons,” the anti-Semitism that targeted Jewish immigrants, the racist denial of citizenship to Chinese immigrants, and the shameful internment of Japanese American citizens. ![]() Many descendants of immigrants who are fully integrated into U.S. This has not always been a smooth process, and Americans have sometimes failed to live up to ideals of full inclusion and equality of opportunity for immigrants. Its military, building its cities, harvesting its crops, and enriching everything from the nation’s cuisine to its universities, music, and art. The United States has offered opportunities to immigrants and their children to better themselves and to be fully incorporated into this society in exchange “ immigrants” have become “Americans”-embracing an American identity and citizenship, protecting the United States through service in The successful integration of immigrants and their children contributes to the nation’s economic vitality and its vibrant and ever-changing culture. This figure (23 million net immigrants) is three times larger than the number of immigrants received by any other country during that period. The United States is home to almost one-fifth of the world’s international migrants, including 23 million who arrived from 1990 to 2013 ( United Nations Population Division, 2013). In the 18th century, Jean de Crèvecoeur (1981 ) observed that in America, “individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men.” More than two centuries later, the American experiment of E Pluribus Unum continues with one of the most generous immigration policies in the world, one that includes provisions for diversity, refugees, family reunification, and workers who bring scarce employment skills. The American national mosaic is one of long standing. ![]() This reality is widely recognized in the familiar image of the United States as a “nation of immigrants” and by the great majority of Americans, who fondly trace their family histories to Asia, Africa, or Europe or to a mix of origins that often includes an ancestry from one or more of the many indigenous peoples of the Americas. The United States is a country that has been populated, built, and transformed by successive waves of migration from almost every part of the world. ![]()
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